BigBallinStalin wrote:Here's another angle: let's grant that Hamas wants more of their civilians to die. Is that believable? Why do you think so?
1. How does killing one's civilians maximize the Hamas government's revenues?
2. What's the marginal benefit of a civilian killed by an airstrike? E.g. would Hamas be materially and non-monetarily satisfied if 1000 civilians died? How about 2000? What about 2 million? Surely, there's some limit here (where the marginal costs become greater than the marginal benefit). If this limit is hit by Israeli airstrikes killing civilians--regardless of what Hamas tells the people to do, then wouldn't Hamas not need to implement some odd policy to get more civilians killed? Surely, 200 dead civilians is a story in itself--even 1000. Does Hamas really need to help Israeli in killing Palestinian civilians in order to attain some perverted, ulterior goal? (I don't think so).
3. If you believe that Hamas is intentionally trying to kill more of their civilians, then how do you know that you're not subject to the "Fundamental Attribution Error"? FAE is when one tends to attribute the behavior of others as due to dispositional causes (e.g. personality, characteristics, intentions) while one's own behavior is attributed to situational causes (e.g. limited choices, environmental constraints, necessity).
e.g. "Hamas wants its civilians to die because they're irrational/crazy and they don't care. Israel faces serious constraints when bombing crucial targets in Gaza, so collateral damage is necessary." (Ever see that logic repeated anywhere? Think about the possibility of FAE next time).
The argument being made in the article, I think, is that Hamas is acting quite rationally. If telling citizens to stay in its homes maximizes the civilian death toll*, then that is going to get the West riled up against Israel and mount the international pressure to stop the campaign. Israel is already claiming to be preparing a ground offensive; Hamas knows that this campaign isn't going to just magically go away. So it very well may be in their interests to use human shields as a propaganda tactic to force Israel to stop. So the argument isn't that Hamas wants its civilians to die, but that if they are going to die in an Israeli assault, they might want them to die as fast and as publicly as possible so that the damage to Hamas infrastructure is minimized.
I don't have the answers to your other questions; I haven't spent any time looking into how thorough the information campaign is on the Israeli part, and how effective it could be in principle. I just thought it was interesting to point out what Hamas is doing in response to the attacks.
*I'm not sure about this. The Israelis do seem to take extra efforts to notify the areas that are about to be bombed but it's not clear whether that's effective enough to save lives if the information was heeded. Saxi's argument about Israeli advice to its own citizens doesn't necessarily carry over because Israel doesn't know where Hamas rockets are aimed before they're launched, so the possible window of time for civilians to move out of an area is probably significantly smaller. Keep in mind that your argument about the fundamental attribution error also applies to the Israelis. Israel isn't necessarily a monster that disregards the worth of Palestinian civilians -- they very well could be taking seriously the civilian casualty cost.