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Skittles! wrote:No, you're surrounded by people who actually know what they are talking about, and not making themselves look like ignorant beings of organisms.
'tears'
what happened to refuting things. Jay go and look up great barrier reef and then try to refute the argument that it's being fucked over. OR admit that you're wrong
THE DEBATE IS OVER...
PLAYER57832 wrote:Too many of those who claim they don't believe global warming are really "end-timer" Christians.
Hello Friends, this is Got Tonkaed with another friendly public service announcement. You may remember me from other threads such as, Gay Marriage, or the Evolution Creationism debate thread.
There comes a time in all threads great and small, when you need to realize it just doesnt make any practical sense to keep doing the same thing over and over. Wise men have often said insanity is doing the same thing over and over expecting different results. This is still true here in the interwebs, perhaps just as much so in real life.
In this train of thought i bring you the following friendly bit of advice. Its probably a good idea to stop trying to get Jay to see the light of the evidence which you feel is superior. While this isnt the first time jay has been able to scoff off attempts at telling him he is ignorant by calling the accuser a child, it seems to be equally as successful.
This is for the most part due to a simple truth that many otherwise aware posters seem to overlook; jay uses different criteria for his evidence than you do. As a result the carefully worded arguments or lessons in science that you try to impress upon him have little effect. While this may make you angry or make you want to bang your head against the wall, fear not friends, it is the internet, someone else will be wrong somewhere else in a short time.
Until then, I invite you all to sit back, relax and perhaps put on a little light jazz. jay isnt going anywhere, which in a neat bit of contiunity seems to be the same type of problem we have with global warming.
Jay about the animals gone extinct in last 200 years I got a massive document but got this mesasge. I'll break it up into smaller posts(kidna ironic that the post taht lists the animals gone extinct in the last 100 years goes over the allowed character limit) Post a reply
Your message contains 89614 characters. The maximum number of allowed characters is 60000.
jay_a2j wrote:Show me! Don't just blather spew all over the forum! Document what ecosystems have experienced "bad news" in the past 200 years. You are just regurgitating that same non-backed garbage over and over. So show me. Maybe a list of all the species that have become extinct in that last 200 years. You are so wise this should be a piece of cake. Or just .
using the most rudimentary resources(wiki) here are mammals gone extinct in the alst 200 years * Broad-faced Potoroo (1875, Australia) * Eastern Hare Wallaby (1890, Australia) * Crescent Nailtail Wallaby (1956, Australia) * Toolache Wallaby (1943, Australia) * Lesser Bilby (1950s, Australia) * Lake Mackay Hare-wallaby (1932, Australia)[citation needed] * Desert Rat-kangaroo (1935, Australia) * Thylacine (1936, Tasmania) * Desert Bandicoot (1943, Australia) * Pig-footed Bandicoot (1950s, Australia)
[edit] Rodents
* Flores Cave Rat (Indonesia) * Verhoeven's Giant Tree Rat (Indonesia)
* Big-eared Hopping Mouse (1843, Australia) * Darling Downs Hopping Mouse (1846, Australia) * White-footed Rabbit-rat (1870s, Australia) * Short-tailed Hopping Mouse (1896, Australia) * Bulldog Rat (1903, Christmas Island) * Maclear's Rat (1903, Christmas Island) * Guadalcanal Rat (1899, Solomon Islands) * Long-Tailed Hopping Mouse (1901, Australia) * Martinique Musk Rat (1903, Martinique)[citation needed] * Darwin's Galapagos Mouse (1930, Galapagos Islands)[citation needed] * Gould's Mouse (1930, Australia) * Lesser Stick Nest Rat (1933, Australia) * Indefatigable Galapagos Mouse (1934, Galapagos Islands)[citation needed] * Emperor Rat (1960s Solomon Islands) * Nelson's Rice Rat (1897, Islas Marias)[citation needed] * Hispaniolan Edible Rat (?, Hispaniola)[citation needed] * Oriente Cave Rat (?, Cuba)[citation needed] * Torre's Cave Rat (?, Cuba)[citation needed] * Imposter Hutia (?, Hispaniola)[citation needed] * Montane Hutia (?, Hispaniola)[citation needed] * Little Swan Island hutia (1955, Swan Islands) * St Lucy Giant Rice Rat (1852), Saint Lucia)[citation needed] * Martinique Giant Rice Rat (1902), Martinique)[citation needed] * Pemberton's Deer Mouse (1931), San Pedro Island)[citation needed] * Ilin Island Cloudrunner (1953) Ilin Island)[citation needed]
[edit] Lagomorphs
* Corsican Pika (1800s, France)[citation needed]
[edit] Soricimorphs
* Marcano's Solenodon (?, Hispaniola)[citation needed] * Christmas Island Shrew (1985, Christmas Island) (officially critically endangered, but has not been reliably seen since 1985) * Balearic Shrew (Europe)[citation needed]
[edit] Bats
* Puerto Rican Flower Bat (Puerto Rico)[citation needed] * Lesser Mascarene Flying Fox (1864, Reunion, Mauritius) * Large Palau Flying Fox (1874, Palau) * Panay Giant Fruit Bat (1892, Philippines)[citation needed] * Nendo Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (1907, Solomon Islands) * Guam Flying Fox (1968, Guam) * New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat (1988, New Zealand) * Dusky Flying Fox (1870) Percy Island)[citation needed] * Sturdee's Pipistrelle (2000) Japan)[citation needed] * Lord Howe Long-eared Bat (1996, Australia)[citation needed]
* Western Black Rhinoceros (2006, West Africa) * Quagga (1883, South Africa) * Tarpan (1919, Eurasia) * Syrian Wild Ass (1928, Syria)
Now here are the birds gone extinct
Struthioniformes King Island Emu King Island Emu
The Ostrich and related ratites.
* King Island Emu, Dromaius ater (King Island, Australia, 1822)
Extinct in the wild c. 1805, the last captive specimen died in 1822 in the Jardin des Plantes.
* Kangaroo Island Emu, Dromaius baudinianus (Kangaroo Island, Australia, 1827) * West Coast Spotted Kiwi, Apteryx occidentalis (South Island, New Zealand, c. 1900)
A doubtful form known from a single bird; may be a Little Spotted Kiwi subspecies or a hybrid between that species and the Rowi.
[edit] Anseriformes Labrador Duck Labrador Duck
Ducks, geese and swans.
* Korean Crested Shelduck, Tadorna cristata (Northeast Asia, late 20th century?)
A relict species from Northeast Asia. Officially critically endangered due to recent unconfirmed reports.
* Amsterdam Island Duck, Anas marecula (Amsterdam Island, South Indian Ocean, c.1800)
* Mariana Mallard, Anas oustaleti (Marianas, West Pacific, 1981) * Finsch's Duck, Chenonetta finschi from New Zealand possibly survived to 1870 * Pink-headed Duck, Netta caryophyllacea (East India, Bangladesh, North Myanmar, 1945?) – formerly Rhodonessa
Officially critically endangered; recent surveys have failed to rediscover it.
[edit] Galliformes New Zealand Quail New Zealand Quail
Quails and relatives.
* The Pile-builder Megapode, Megapodius molistructor may have survived on New Caledonia to the late 18th century as evidenced by descriptions of the bird named "Tetrao australis" and later "Megapodius andersoni". * The Viti Levu Scrubfowl, Megapodius amissus of Viti Levu and possibly Kadavu, Fiji, may have survived to the early 19th or even the 20th century as suggested by circumstantial evidence. * Raoul Island Scrubfowl, Megapodius sp. (Raoul, Kermadec Islands, 1876)
A megapode is said to have inhabited Raoul Island until the population was wiped out in a volcanic eruption. It is not clear whether the birds represent a distinct taxon or derive from a prehistoric introduction by Polynesian seafarers.
* New Zealand Quail, Coturnix novaezelandiae (New Zealand, 1875) * Himalayan Quail, Ophrysia superciliosa (North India, late 19th century?)
Officially critically endangered. Not recorded with certainty since 1876, but thorough surveys are still required, and there is a recent set of possible (though unlikely) sightings around Naini Tal in 2003. A little-known native name from Western Nepal probably refers to this bird, but for various reasons, no survey for Ophrysia has ever been conducted in that country, nor is it generally assumed to occur there (due to the native name being overlooked).
* The Double-banded Argus, Argusianus bipunctatus, was described based on a single aberrant feather piece from an unknown locality found in 1871. This is apparently a rather simple developmental aberration.
[edit] Charadriiformes Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis), Natural History Museum, London, England Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis), Natural History Museum, London, England
Shorebirds, gulls and auks.
* Javanese Lapwing, Vanellus macropterus (Java, Indonesia, mid-20th century)
Officially classified as critically endangered, but as this conspicuous bird has not been recorded since 1940, it is almost certainly extinct.
* Tahitian Sandpiper, Prosobonia leucoptera (Tahiti, Society Islands, 19th century) * White-winged Sandpiper, Prosobonia ellisi (Moorea, Society Islands, 19th century)
Doubtfully distinct from P. leucoptera.
* Eskimo Curlew, Numenius borealis (Northern North America, late 20th century?)
May still exist; officially classified as critically endangered, possibly extinct.
* Slender-billed Curlew, Numenius tenuirostris (Western Siberia, early 2000s?)
May still exist; officially classified as critically endangered. A few birds were recorded in 2004, following several decades of increasing rarity. There was an unconfirmed sighting in Albania in 2007.
* Great Auk, Pinguinus impennis (North Atlantic, early 1850s) * Canarian Black Oystercatcher, Haematopus meadewaldoi (Eastern Canary Islands, E Atlantic, c. 1940?)
Later sightings of black oystercatchers off Senegal were not likely to be of this sedentary species, but two records from Tenerife - the last in 1981 - may be.
[edit] Gruiformes
Rails and allies. "Leguat's Giant" or géant, a hypothetical giant rail from the Mascarenes described as Leguatia gigantea, is based on his descriptions of flamingos, as Leguat was not familiar with their French name flamand or thought that it referred to other birds (it was in his time sometimes used for spoonbills, for example). Tahitian Red-billed Rail Tahitian Red-billed Rail
* Antillean Cave-rail, Nesotrochis debooyi from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands possibly survived into the Modern Era. * Hawkins' Rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, 19th century)
* Rodrigues Rail, Aphanapteryx leguati (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) * Bar-winged Rail, Nesoclopeus poecilopterus (Fiji, Polynesia, c. 1980) * New Caledonian Rail, Gallirallus lafresnayanus (New Caledonia, Melanesia, c. 1990?)
Officially classified as critically endangered, the last records were in 1984 and it seems that all available habitat is overrun by feral pigs and dogs, which prey on this bird.
* Wake Island Rail, Gallirallus wakensis (Wake Island, Micronesia, 1945) * Tahiti Rail, Gallirallus pacificus (Tahiti, Society Islands, late 18th – 19th century) * Dieffenbach's Rail, Gallirallus dieffenbachii (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, mid-19th century) * Sharpe's Rail, Gallirallus sharpei (Indonesia?, 20th century?)
A bird known from a single skin of unknown origin. A research project has been proposed to shed light on its relationships and possible place of origin.
This bird is known only from a drawing by the 1793 Malaspina expedition, apparently depicting a species of Gallirallus. The 'Eua Rail, Gallirallus vekamatolu, is known from prehistoric bones found on 'Eua, but this species is almost certainly not G. vekamatolu, as that bird was flightless and hence is unlikely to have settled 3 distant islands. However, it probably was a close relative.
Hawaiian Rail Hawaiian Rail
* The Norfolk Island Rail, Gallirallus sp. may be the bird shown on a bad watercolor illustration made around 1800. * Chatham Rail, Cabalus modestus (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, c. 1900)
Usually considered a badly prepared specimen of the Grey-necked Wood Rail, the single known individual of this bird may prove a distinct species though.
* * Laysan Rail, Porzana palmeri (Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1944) * Hawaiian Rail, Porzana sandwichensis (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, c. 1890) * Kosrae Island Crake, Porzana monasa (Kosrae, Carolines, c. mid-late 19th century) * Miller's Crake, Porzana nigra (Tahiti, Society Islands, c. 1800)
Known only from paintings and descriptions; taxonomic status uncertain as the material is often believed to refer to the extant Spotless Crake.
The Laysan Rail was an omnivore The Laysan Rail was an omnivore
* Lord Howe Swamphen, Porphyrio albus (Lord Howe Island, SW Pacific, early 19th century) * Réunion Swamphen or Oiseau bleu, Porphyrio coerulescens (Réunion, Mascarenes, 18th century)
Known only from descriptions. Former existence of a Porphyrio on Réunion is fairly certain, but not proven to date.
* Marquesas Swamphen, Porphyrio paepae (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas)
May have survived to c. 1900. In the lower right corner of Paul Gauguin's 1902 painting Le Sorcier d'Hiva Oa ou le Marquisien à la cape rouge there is a bird which reminds of native descriptions of P. paepae.
* The North Island Takahē, Porphyrio mantelli known from subfossil bones found on North Island, New Zealand, may have survived to 1894 or later. * New Caledonia Swamphen, Porphyrio kukwiedei from New Caledonia, Melanesia, may have survived into historic times. The native name n'dino is thought to refer to this bird. * Samoan Wood Rail, Gallinula pacifica (Savai'i, Samoa, 1907?)
Probably better placed in the genus Pareudiastes, unconfirmed reports from the late 20th century suggest it still survives in small numbers, and therefore it is officially classified as critically endangered.
Only known from a single specimen, this rail is probably better placed in its own genus, Edithornis. There are some unconfirmed recent records that suggest it still survives, and thus it is officially classified as critically endangered.
* Tristan Moorhen, Gallinula nesiotis (Tristan da Cunha, Atlantic, late 19th century)
* Rallidae gen. et sp. indet.
Unknown rail from Amsterdam Island, one specimen found but not recovered. Extinct by 1800 or may have been straggler of extant species.
* Tahitian "Goose", Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Tahiti, late 18th century?)
Early travellers to Tahiti reported a "goose" that was found in the mountains. Altogether, a species of the rail genus Porphyrio seems the most likely choice.
Officially critically endangered, possibly extinct, declined through habitat destruction and hybridization with the Little Grebe. Disappeared from only known location in the 1980s.
Herons and related birds. The "Painted Vulture" (Sarcorhamphus sacra), a Floridan bird supposedly similar to the King Vulture, seems based on a misidentification of the Crested Caracara. See King Vulture article for discussion.
Known only from subfossil bones, but the description of a flightless Ascension bird by F. André Thevet cannot be identified with anything other than this species.
* New Zealand Little Bittern, Ixobrychus novaezelandiae (New Zealand, late 19th century)
Long considered to be vagrant individuals of the Australian Little Bittern, bones recovered from Holocene deposits indicate that this was indeed a distinct taxon, but it might not be a separate species.
This species was the basis of the "Réunion Solitaire", a supposed relative of the Dodo and the Rodrigues Solitaire. Given the fact that ibis (but no dodo-like) bones were found on Réunion and that old descriptions match a flightless Sacred Ibis quite well, the "Réunion Solitaire" hypothesis has been refuted.
[edit] Pelecaniformes
Cormorants and related birds.
* Spectacled Cormorant, Phalacrocorax perspicillatus (Komandorski Islands, North Pacific, c. 1850)
[edit] Procellariiformes
Petrels, shearwaters, albatrosses and storm-petrels.
* Jamaica Petrel, Pterodroma caribbaea (Jamaica, West Indies)
Possibly a subspecies of the Black-capped Petrel; unconfirmed reports suggest it might survive. Officially classified as critically endangered, possibly extinct.
A wing of a carcass similar to Gould's Petrel was recovered on Mangareva in 1922, where it possibly bred. No such birds are known to exist there today.
* Guadalupe Storm-petrel, Oceanodroma macrodacyla (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 1910s)
Officially critically endangered, possibly extinct, but a thorough survey in 2000 concluded the species was certainly extinct.
[edit] Sphenisciformes
Penguins
* The Chatham Islands Penguin, Eudyptes sp. (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific), is only known from subfossil bones, but a bird kept captive at some time between 1867 and 1872 might refer to this taxon.
[edit] Columbiformes Male Passenger Pigeon Male Passenger Pigeon
Pigeons, doves and dodos.
* St Helena Dove, Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos, possibly survived into the Modern Era. * Passenger Pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius (Eastern North America, 1914)
The passenger pigeon was once probably the most common bird in the world, a single flock numbering up to several billion birds. It was hunted close to extinction for food and sport in the late 19th century. The last individual died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.
* The Silvery Pigeon, Columba argentina, has not been reliably observed since 1931 and may be extinct. It is difficult to distinguish from the common Pied Imperial Pigeon, however. * Bonin Woodpigeon, Columba versicolor (Nakodo-jima and Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, c. 1890) * Ryukyu Woodpigeon, Columba jouyi (Okinawa and Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, late 1930s)
Its generic allocation is not fully resolved. There seems to have been at least another species of pigeon on Réunion (probably an Alectroenas), but bones have not yet been found. It disappeared at the same time.
Its generic allocation is not fully resolved. A possible subspecies of the Madagascar Turtle Dove, this seems not to be the bird observed by Leguat. Introduced rats might have killed it off in the late 17th century.
Choiseul Crested Pigeon Choiseul Crested Pigeon
* Liverpool Pigeon, "Caloenas" maculata
Also known as the Spotted Green Pigeon, the only known specimen has been in Liverpool Museum since 1851 and was probably collected on a Pacific island for Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby. It has been suggested that this bird came from Tahiti based on native lore about a somewhat similar extinct bird called titi, but this has not been verified.
* Sulu Bleeding-heart, Gallicolumba menagei (Tawitawi, Philippines, late 1990s?)
Officially listed as critically endangered. Only known from 2 specimens taken in 1891, there have been a number of unconfirmed reports from all over the Sulu Archipelago in 1995. However, these reports stated that the bird had suddenly undergone a massive decline, and by now, habitat destruction is almost complete. If not extinct, this species is very rare, but the ongoing civil war prevents comprehensive surveys.
* Norfolk Island Ground-dove, Gallicolumba norfolciensis (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, c. 1800) * Tanna Ground-dove, Gallicolumba ferruginea (Tanna, Vanuatu, late 18th-19th century)
Only known from descriptions of 2 now-lost specimens.
Two subspecies, the little-known P. m. mercierii of Nuku Hiva (extinct mid-late 19th century) and P. m. tristrami of Hiva Oa.
Mauritius Blue Pigeon Mauritius Blue Pigeon
* Negros Fruit-dove, Ptilinopus arcanus (Negros, Philippines, late 20th century?)
Known only from one specimen taken at the only documented sighting in 1953, the validity of this species has been questioned, but no good alternative to distinct species status has been proposed. Officially critically endangered, it might occur on Panay, but no survey has located it. One possible record in 2002 seems not to have been followed up.
* Mauritius Blue Pigeon, Alectroenas nitidissima (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c. 1830s) * Farquhar Blue Pigeon, Alectroenas sp. (Farquhar Group, Seychelles, 19th century)
Only known from early reports; possibly a subspecies of the Comoro or Seychelles Blue Pigeon.
A mysterious bird of unknown affinities, known from a few bones and, as it seems, two historical reports.
* For the "Réunion Solitaire", see Réunion Sacred Ibis.
[edit] Psittaciformes
Parrots. Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany
* New Caledonian Lorikeet, Charmosyna diadema (New Caledonia, Melanesia, mid-20th century?)
Officially critically endangered, there have been no reliable reports of this bird since the early 20th century. It is, however, small and inconspicuous.
* Norfolk Island Kākā, Nestor productus (Norfolk and Philip Islands, SW Pacific, 1851?) * Society Parakeet, Cyanoramphus ulietanus (Raiatea, Society Islands, late 18th century) * Black-fronted Parakeet, Cyanoramphus zealandicus (Tahiti, Society Islands, c. 1850) * Paradise Parrot, Psephotus pulcherrimus (Rockhampton area, Australia, late 1920s) * The Night Parrot, Pezoporus occidentalis, officially critically endangered, is a mysterious species which is possibly close to extinction. It was only reliably recorded twice in the late 20th century, the last time in 1991. More probably, it still persists in small numbers as an immature bird was found dead in Diamantina National Park in late 2006. * The Oceanic Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus infectus, known from subfossil bones found on Tonga, Vanuatu, and possibly Fiji, may have survived until the 18th century: a bird which seems to be a male Eclectus parrot was drawn in a report on the Tongan island of Vavaʻu by the Malaspina expedition. Also a 19th century Tongan name ʻāʻā ("parrot") for "a beautiful bird found only at ʻEua" is attested (see here under "Kaka"). This seems to refer either E. infectus which in Tonga is only known from Vavaʻu and ʻEua, or the extirpated population of the Collared Lory which also occurred there. It is possible but unlikely that the species survived on ʻEua until the 19th century.
Seychelles Parakeet Seychelles Parakeet
* Seychelles Parakeet, Psittacula wardi (Seychelles, W Indian Ocean, 1883) * Newton's Parakeet, Psittacula exsul (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, c. 1875) * Mascarene Parrot, Mascarinus mascarinus (Réunion and possibly Mauritius, Mascarenes, 1834?)
Last known individual was a captive bird which was alive before 1834.
May have survived to the late 18th century. A smaller related form described as Mauritius Grey Parrot (Lophopsittacus bensoni) may be the female of L. mauritianus.
* Rodrigues Parrot, Necropsittacus rodericanus (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, late 18th century)
The species N. francicus is fictional, N. borbonicus most likely so.
* Glaucous Macaw, Anodorhynchus glaucus (N Argentina, early 20th century)
Officially critically endangered due to persistent rumours of wild birds, but probably extinct.
* Cuban Red Macaw, Ara tricolor (Cuba, West Indies, late 19th century)
A number of related species have been described from the West Indies, but are not based on good evidence. Several prehistoric forms are now known to have existed in the region, however.
Norfolk Island Kākā Norfolk Island Kākā
* Carolina Parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis (SE North America, c. 1930?)
Although the date of the last captive bird's death in the Cincinnati Zoo, 1918, is generally given as extinction date, there are convincing reports of some wild populations persisting until later. Two subspecies, C. c. carolinensis (east and south of the Appalachian range – extinct 1918 or c. 1930) and C. c. ludovicianus (Louisiana Parakeet, west of the Appalachian range – extinct early 1910s).
* Guadeloupe Parakeet, Aratinga labati (Guadeloupe, West Indies, late 18th century)
Only known from descriptions, the former existence of this bird is likely for biogeographic reasons and because details as described cannot be referred to known species.
Recently recognized as a distinct species, this bird has a very restricted distribution and was last reliably recorded in 1940. It was not found during searches in 2004 and 2006 and seems to be extinct; relocation efforts continue but are hampered by the threat of armed conflict.
* Martinique Amazon, Amazona martinica (Martinique, West Indies, mid-18th century) * Guadeloupe Amazon, Amazona violacea (Guadeloupe, West Indies, mid-18th century)
The extinct amazon parrots were originally described after travelers' descriptions. Both are now considered valid extinct species closely related to the Imperial Amazon.
[edit] Cuculiformes
Cuckoos.
* Delalande's Coua, Coua delalandei (Madagascar, late 19th century?) * St Helena Cuckoo, Nannococcyx psix (St Helena, Atlantic, 18th century)
[edit] Falconiformes
Birds of prey.
* Cuban Kite, Chondrohierax wilsonii (Cuba, West Indies, early 2000s?)
Often considered a subspecies of the Hook-billed Kite, it is at least critically endangered. While a small remnant probably survives in eastern Cuba, it has not been seen for some years; recent efforts to find the birds have hitherto drawn a blank but continue.
* The Bermuda Hawk, Bermuteo avivorus, known from Late Quaternary bones from Bermuda (W Atlantic), might have survived to the early 17th century[citation needed] * Guadalupe Caracara, Polyborus lutosus (Guadelupe, E Pacific, 1900 or 1903)
The preceding two species were variously placed in Bubo, Athene, "Scops" (=Otus), Strix, and Tyto before their true affinity was realized.
* New Caledonian Boobook, Ninox cf. novaeseelandiae (New Caledonia, Melanesia)
Known only from prehistoric bones, but might still survive.
* Laughing Owl, Sceloglaux albifacies (New Zealand, 1914?)
Two subspecies, S. a. albifacies (South Island and Stewart Island, extinct 1914?) and S. a. rufifacies (North Island, extinct c. 1870s?) – circumstantial evidence suggests small remnants survived until the early/mid-20th century.
* The Puerto Rican Barn-owl, Tyto cavatica, known from prehistoric remains found in caves of Puerto Rico, West Indies, may still have existed in 1912 given reports of the presence of cave-roosting owls. * The Bahaman Barn-owl, Tyto pollens, known from prehistoric remains found on Andros (Bahamas), may have survived to the 16th century as indicated by the "Chickcharnie" legend. * Siau Scops-owl Otus siaoensis (20th century?)
Only known from the holotype collected in 1866. Endemic to the small volcanic island of Siau north of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Might still survive as there are ongoing rumours of scops-owls at Siau.
[edit] Caprimulgiformes
Caprimulgidae - Nightjars and nighthawks. Reclusive ground-nesting birds that sally out at night to hunt for large insects and similar prey. They are easily located by the males' song, but this is not given all year. Habitat destruction represents currently the biggest threat, while island populations are threatened by introduced mammalian predators, notably dogs, cats, pigs and mongoose.
* Jamaican Pauraque, Siphonorhis americana (Jamaica, West Indies, late 19th century?)
Reports of unidentifiable nightjars from the 1980s in habitat appropriate for S. americana suggest that this cryptic species may still exist. Research into this possibility is currently underway; pending further information, it is classified as critically endangered, possibly extinct.
* Cuban Pauraque, Siphonorhis daiquiri (Cuba, West Indies, prehistoric?)
Described from subfossil bones in 1985. There are persistent rumors that this bird, which was never seen alive by scientists, may still survive. Compare Puerto Rican Nightjar and preceding.
Vaurie's Nightjar (Caprimulgus centralasicus) is only known from a single 1929 specimen from Xinjiang, China. It has never been found again, but the validity of this supposed species is seriously disputed. It was never refuted to be an immature female desert European Nightjar. The Nechisar Nightjar (Caprimulgus solala) is known only from a single preserved wing of a bird roadkilled on the Nechisar plains in Ethiopia in 1990. Unlikely to be extinct, no dedicated effort has been made to relocate it.
Known only from 3 trade specimens of unknown origin. Might still exist.
* Brace's Emerald, Chlorostilbon bracei (New Providence, Bahamas, late 19th century) * Gould's Emerald, Chlorostilbon elegans (Jamaica or northern Bahamas, West Indies, late 19th century) * Alfaro's Hummingbird, Amazilia alfaroana (Costa Rica, c.1900)
Sometimes separated in Saucerottia and/or considered a subspecies of the Indigo-capped Hummingbird (as A./S. cyanifrons alfaroana), this bird is known only from a late 19th century specimen and has never been seen since.
* Bogota Sunangel, Heliangelus zusii (Colombia?)
A mysterious bird known only from a single specimen of unknown origin. Might be a hybrid (although the specimen is very distinct) or might still exist.
* Turquoise-throated Puffleg, Eriocnemis godini (Ecuador, 20th century?)
Officially classified as critically endangered, possibly extinct. Known only from 6 pre-1900 specimens, the habitat at the only known site where it occurred has been destroyed. However, the bird's distribution remains unresolved.
This was probably a subspecies of the Micronesian Kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus. Only seen once by scientists, in 1887; the specimen taken is somewhat damaged, making identification by other than molecular analysis difficult.
[edit] Piciformes
Woodpeckers and related birds.
* Imperial Woodpecker, Campephilus imperialis (Mexico, late 20th century)
This 60-centimeter-long woodpecker is officially listed as critically endangered, possibly extinct. Occasional unconfirmed reports come up, the most recent in late 2005.
* There is much uncertainty on whether the North American Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis principalis) was indeed rediscovered in the White River National Wildlife Refuge of Arkansas in 2004. The Cuban Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis bairdii) was last seen in 1987 and is generally considered extinct, but there are a few patches of habitat not yet surveyed.
[edit] Passeriformes
Perching birds. The famous Stephens Island Wren, victim of feral cats The famous Stephens Island Wren, victim of feral cats
Acanthisittidae – New Zealand "wrens"
* Stephens Island Wren, Xenicus lyalli (New Zealand, 1895?)
The species famously (but erroneously) claimed to have been made extinct by a single cat named "Tibbles".
* Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes (New Zealand, 1972)
3 subspecies: X. l. stokesi (North Island, extinct 1955); X. l. longipes (South Island, extinct 1968(; X. l. variabilis (Stewart Island, extinct 1972).
Formicariidae – antpittas and antthrushes
* Táchira Antpitta, Grallaria chthonia (Venezuela, late 20th century?)
Officially Critically Endangered, this species has not been recorded since 1956 and although some habitat still exists, it was not found in dedicated searches in the 1990s.
Meliphagidae – honeyeaters and Australian chats
* Kioea, Chaetoptila angustipluma (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1860s) * Hawaiʻi ʻŌʻō, Moho nobilis (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1930s) * Oʻahu ʻŌʻō, Moho apicalis (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands, mid-19th century) * Molokaʻi ʻŌʻō, Moho bishopi (Molokaʻi and probably Maui, Hawaiian Islands, c. 1910 or 1980s) * Kauaʻi ʻŌʻō, Moho braccatus (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, 1987) * Chatham Island Bellbird, Anthornis melanocephala (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific, c. 1910)
Unconfirmed records exist from the early-mid 1950s
Hawaiʻi ʻŌʻō Hawaiʻi ʻŌʻō
Acanthizidae – scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones
* Lord Howe Gerygone, Gerygone insularis (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c. 1930)
Pachycephalidae – whistlers, shrike-thrushes, pitohuis and allies
A mysterious bird of which no specimen exists today. It was initially described as a shrike, then classified as an Eopsalteria "robin", and may actually be an Acrocephalus warbler.
Dicruridae – monarch flycatchers and allies
* Maupiti Monarch, Pomarea pomarea (Maupiti, Society Islands, mid-19th century) * Eiao Monarch, Pomarea fluxa (Eiao, Marquesas, late 1970s)
Previously considered a subspecies of the Iphis Monarch, this is an early offspring of the Marquesan stock.
Previously considered a subspecies of the Marquesas Monarch, this is another early offspring of the Marquesan stock.
* Ua Pou Monarch, Pomarea mira (Ua Pou, Marquesas, c. 1986)
Previously considered another subspecies of the Marquesas Monarch, this was a distinct species most closely related to that bird and the Fatuhiva Monarch.
* Banggai Crow, Corvus unicolor (Banggai or Peleng Island, Indonesia, 20th century?)
Officially critically endangered, it is known only from two specimens taken on an unspecified island at some date in the late 19th century, probably in 1884 or 1885. Possible sightings in 1981 and 1991, but no unequivocal recent records and amount of habitat destruction suggest this species is extinct.
An enigmatic bird known only from 2 recently fledged juveniles collected in 1931, it was not found during a thorough search in 1996.
†Turnagridae – piopios
* North Island Piopio, Turnagra tanagra (North Island, New Zealand, c. 1970?)
Not reliably recorded since about 1900.
* South Island Piopio, Turnagra capensis (South Island, New Zealand, 1960s?)
Two subspecies, T. c. minor from Stephens Island (extinct c. 1897) and the nominate T. c. capensis from the South Island mainland (last specimen taken in 1902, last unconfirmed record in 1963)
Male (front) and female (back) Huia Male (front) and female (back) Huia
Callaeidae – New Zealand wattlebirds
* Huia, Heteralocha acutirostris (North Island, New Zealand, early 20th century)
Hirundinidae – swallows and martins
* White-eyed River Martin, Pseudochelidon sirintarae (Thailand, late 1980s?)
Officially critically endangered, this enigmatic species is only known from migrating birds and it was last seen in 1986 at its former roost site. Recent unconfirmed repors suggest it may occur in Cambodia.
* Red Sea Swallow, Petrochelidon perdita (Red Sea area, late 20th century?)
Known from a single specimen, this enigmatic swallow probably still exists, but the lack of recent records is puzzling. It is alternatively placed in the genus Hirundo.
Megaluridae – megalurid warblers or grass warblers
* Chatham Islands Fernbird, Bowdleria rufescens (Chatham Islands, New Zealand, c. 1900)
Often placed in genus Megalurus, but this is based on an incomplete review of the evidence.
Cisticolidae – cisticolas and allies
* Tana River Cisticola, Cisticola restrictus (Kenya, 1970s?)
A mysterious bird, found in the Tana River basin in small numbers at various dates, but not since 1972. Probably invalid, based on aberrant or hybrid specimens. An unconfirmed sighting was apparently made in 2007 in the Tana River Delta.
Zosteropidae – white-eyes. Probably belong into Timaliidae.
* Lord Howe White-eye, Zosterops strenuus (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c. 1918)
Timaliidae – Old World babblers
* Black-browed Babbler, Malacocincla perspicillata (Borneo?, Indonesia, 20th century?)
Known from a single mid-19th century specimen, this bird may be extinct or could still exist. If the specimen label, usually considered erroneous in claiming "Java" as the bird's origin, is correct, it may have gone extinct earlier.
Sylvioidea incertae sedis
* Aldabra Brush-warbler, Nesillas aldabrana (Aldabra, Indian Ocean, c. 1984)
Acrocephalidae – Marsh- and tree-warblers
* Moorea Reed-warbler, Acrocephalus longirostris - (Moorea, 1980s?) (split from Acrocephalus caffer in 2008)[1]
Last reliable sighting was in 1981. Survey in 1986/1987 remained unsuccessful. A photograph of a warbler from Moorea in 1998 or 1999 taken by Philippe Bacchet remains uncertain.
Muscicapidae – Old World flycatchers and chats
* Rueck's Blue Flycatcher, Cyornis ruckii (Malaysia or Indochina, 20th century?)
An enigmatic bird known from 2 or 4 possibly migrant specimens, last recorded in 1918. Might exist in NE Indochina and might be a subspecies of the Hainan Blue Flycatcher.
Officially critically endangered, possibly extinct because a possible location on Molokaʻi remains unsurveyed. Two subspecies are known from Lanaʻi (M. l. lanaiensis, extinct early 1930s), Molokaʻi (M. l. rutha, extinct 1980s?) and a possible third subspecies from Maui (extinct before late 19th century).
* Kosrae Island Starling, Aplonis corvina (Kosrae, Carolines, mid-19th century) * Mysterious Starling, Aplonis mavornata (Mauke, Cook Islands, mid-19th century) * Tasman Starling, Aplonis fusca (Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c. 1923)
Two subspecies, A. f. fusca – Norfolk Island Starling (extinct c. 1923); A. fusca hulliana – Lord Howe Starling (extinct c. 1919).
* Pohnpei Starling, Aplonis pelzelni (Pohnpei, Micronesia, c. 2000)
Only one reliable record since 1956, in 1995, leaves the species' survival seriously in doubt.
* Bay Starling, Aplonis? ulietensis (Raiatea, Society Islands, between 1774 and 1850)
Usually called "Bay Thrush" (Turdus ulietensis); a mysterious bird from Raiatea, now only known from a painting and some descriptions of a (now lost) specimen. Its taxonomic position is thus unresolvable at present, although for biogeographic reasons and because of the surviving description, it has been suggested to have been a honeyeater. However, with the discovery of fossils of the prehistorically extinct starling Aplonis diluvialis on neighboring Huahine, it seems likely that this bird also belonged to this genus.
The bird variously described as Testudophaga bicolor, Necropsar leguati or Orphanopsar leguati which was considered to be identical with N. rodericanus (which is only known from fossils) was finally resolved to be based on a misidentified partially albinistic specimen of the Martinique Trembler (Cinclocerthia gutturalis)
Mimidae – mockingbirds and thrashers
* Cozumel Thrasher, Toxostoma guttatum (Cozumel, Caribbean, early 2000s?)
The most recent possible extinction on this list. It is still unknown whether the tiny population rediscovered in 2004 survived Hurricanes Emily and Wilma in 2005. Unconfirmed records in April 2006 and October and December 2007.
* Foudia delloni, new name for the Réunion Fody (Cheke & Hume 2008), known from travel reports by Gabriel Dellon in 1668 and Dubois (1674), Foudia bruante (S. Müller 1776) might be a colour morph of the Madagascar Weaver (Cheke & Hume 2008)[2]
Fringillidae – true finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers
* Tawny-headed Mountain Finch, Leucosticte sillemi (Xinjiang, mid- or late 20th century?)
An enigmatic bird known from just 2 specimens collected in 1929. As no threats are known, probably still extant, but the lack of recent records is puzzling.
Officially classified as critically endangered, possibly extinct, this was once the most widespread species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. It has not been reliably recorded since 1987 or 1989.
* Pila's Palila, Loxioides kikuichi (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands), possibly survived to the early 18th century. * Lesser Koa Finch, Rhodacanthus flaviceps (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1891) * Greater Koa Finch, Rhodacanthus palmeri (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1896) * Kona Grosbeak, Psittirostra kona (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1894) * Greater ʻAmakihi, Hemignathus sagittirostris (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1901) * Nukupuʻu, Hemignathus lucidus (Hawaiian Islands, c. 2000?)
The subspecies from Oʻahu (H. l. lucidus) has been extinct since the late 19th century, that of Kauaʻi (H. l. hanapepe) most probably since the late 1990s and that of Maui (H. l. affinis) has not been reliably seen since 1995. It is currently classified as critically endangered, possibly extinct.
* Hawaiʻi ʻAkialoa or Lesser ʻAkialoa, Hemignathus obscurus (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1940)
Sometimes placed in genus Akialoa (as A. obscura).
* Greater ʻAkialoa, Hemignathus ellisianus (Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Lanaʻi and prehistorically probably Maui and Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, 1969)
Sometimes placed in genus Akialoa (as A. ellisiana). Often split into Maui Nui ʻAkialoa, H. lanaiensis or A. lanaiensis (Lanaʻi and prehistorically probably Maui and Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, extinct 1892), Oʻahu ʻAkialoa, H. ellisianus or A. ellisiana (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands, extinct 1940) and Kauaʻi ʻAkialoa, H. stejnegeri or A. stejnegeri (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, extinct 1969).
Officially classified as critically endangered, possibly extinct. It is known only from a single male collected in 1823, and has variously been considered an aberrant Yellow-bellied Seedeater or a hybrid.
mysterious bird formerly misidentified as Slaty Brush-finch described in 2007 on basis of three 20th century museum specimens.
[edit] (Probably) Extinct subspecies of birds
Extinction of subspecies is a subject very dependent on guesswork. National and international conservation projects and research publications such as redlists usually focus on species as a whole. Reliable information on the status of threatened subspecies usually has to be assembled piecemeal from published observations such as regional checklists. Therefore, the following listing contains a high proportion of taxa that may just as well still exist, but are listed here due to any combination of absence of recent records, a known threat such as habitat destruction, and an observed decline.
[edit] Struthioniformes
The Ostrich and related ratites.
* Arabian Ostrich, Struthio camelus syriacus (Arabia, 1966) – Ostrich subspecies * Tasmanian Emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae diemenensis (Tasmania, mid-19th century) – Emu subspecies * North Island Little Spotted Kiwi, Apteryx owenii iredalei (North Island, New Zealand, late 19th century) – Little Spotted Kiwi subspecies
[edit] Tinamiformes
Tinamous
* Huila Black Tinamou, Tinamus osgoodi hershkovitzi (Colombia, 1980s?)
A Black Tinamou subspecies or possibly a distinct species; not seen since 1976 but might persist in Cueva de los Guácharos National Park.
* Magdalena Tinamou, Crypturellus (erythropus) saltuarius (Colombia, late 20th century?)
Variously considered a Red-legged Tinamou subspecies or a distinct species, this bird is only known from the 1943 type specimen. Recent research suggest it is still extant.
[edit] Anseriformes
Ducks, geese and swans.
* Bering Cackling Goose, Branta hutchinsii asiatica (Komandorski and Kuril Islands, N Pacific, c. 1914 or 1929)
A subspecies of the Cackling Goose (formerly "Lesser Canada Goose") which is doubtfully distinct from the Aleutian one.
* Coues' Gadwall or Washington Island Gadwall, Anas strepera couesi (Teraina, Kiribati, late 19th century)
* Rennell Island Teal, Anas gibberifrons remissa (Rennell, Solomon Islands, c. 1959)
A subspecies of the Sunda Teal which disappeared due to predation on young birds by the introduced tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus.
* Niceforo's Pintail, Anas georgica niceforoi (Colombia, 1950s) – Yellow-billed Pintail subspecies * Borrero's Cinnamon Teal, Anas cyanoptera borreroi (Colombia, late 20th century?)
A subspecies of the Cinnamon Teal known only from a restricted area in the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia, with a couple of records from Ecuador. It is either very rare or already extinct.
[edit] Galliformes
Quails and relatives.
* Italian Grey Partridge, Perdix perdix italica (Italy, c. 1990)
A subspecies of the Grey Partridge whose validity has been questioned; the last purebred individuals disappeared during the late 1980s due to hybridization with introduced birds.
* Amik Gölü Black Francolin, Francolinus francolinus billypayni (S Turkey, possibly Lebanon, 1960s)
A doubtfully distinct subspecies of the Black Francolin.
* Sicilian Black Francolin, Francolinus francolinus ssp. (Sicily, Mediterranean, c. 1869)
Another doubtfully distinct Black Francolin subspecies.
* Heath Hen, Tympanuchus cupido cupido, (New England, North America, 1932)
A subspecies of the Greater Prairie-Chicken or possibly a distinct species.
* New Mexico Sharp-tailed Grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi (New Mexico, North America, 1954) – Sharp-tailed Grouse subspecies * Moroccan Guineafowl, Numida meleagris sabyi (Morocco, mid-20th century or early 1980s)
A subspecies of the Helmeted Guineafowl. Reportedly still kept in captivity in Morocco in late 1990s. Possibly extinct by 1950, the 3 1970s records may refer to feral domestic hybrids.
[edit] Charadriiformes
Shorebirds, gulls and auks.
* North Island Snipe, Coenocorypha aucklandica barrierensis (North Island, New Zealand, 1870s) – New Zealand Snipe subspecies * South Island Snipe, Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei (South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand, 1964) – New Zealand Snipe subspecies * Tawitawi Small Buttonquail, Turnix sylvatica suluensis (Tawitawi, Philippines, mid-20th century) – Small Buttonquail subspecies * New Caledonia Painted Buttonquail, Turnix varia novaecaledoniae (New Caledonia, Melanesia, early 20th century)
A subspecies of the Painted Buttonquail of somewhat unclear status, it is variously considered anything between a hybrid between introduced species to a full species. Plentiful subfossil bones indicate that it was indeed a good endemic form.
Reports of the former occurrence of the species on Raoul seem plausible enough, but they may relate to vagrant individuals of another Buff-banded Rail subspecies.
A subspecies of the Bare-eyed Rail which is known from a single specimen, c. mid-19th century, from the Solomon Islands or New Ireland. The taxon may be extant.
* Bornean Baillon's Crake, Porzana pusilla mira (Borneo, 20th century?)
A subspecies of Baillon's Crake known from a single 1912 specimen and not found since; may be extinct, but species is hard to find.
* Iwo Jima White-browed Crake, Porzana cinerea brevipes (Iwo Jima and Minami Iōjima, Ogasawara Islands, early 20th century).
A subspecies of the White-browed Crake that is often considered synonymous with the nominate.
A subspecies of the Sarus Crane which is not always accepted as valid, probably mainly because the specimens have never been thoroughly studied since the subspecies' description.
[edit] Ciconiiformes
Herons and related birds.
* Bonin Nankeen Night Heron, Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris (Nakoudo-jima and Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, c. 1890) – Nankeen Night Heron subspecies * Principe Olive Ibis, Bostrychia olivacea rothschildi (Principe, Gulf of Guinea, 1990s?)
An Olive Ibis subspecies, or (as B. bocagei rothschildi) one of the São Tomé Ibis if this is considered a distinct species. A probable sighting in 1994 was the first (and only) of these birds since the early 20th century; a population may yet survive.
[edit] Pelecaniformes
Cormorants and related birds.
This is often regarded as a distinct species, but at best it is a subspecies of the Masked Booby. Probably identical to the extant Lord Howe Island population described as S. d. fullagari, which would in this case be named S. d. tasmani fide Holdaway & Anderson, 2001.
[edit] Pteroclidiformes
Sandgrouse.
* Fayyum Sandgrouse, Pterocles exustus floweri (Egypt, c. 1940)
Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse subspecies, may have survived until early 1980s.
[edit] Columbiformes
Pigeons, doves and dodos.
* Madeiran Wood Pigeon, Columba palumbus maderensis (Madeira, East Atlantic, early 20th century) – Wood Pigeon subspecies * Ogasawara Japanese Woodpigeon, Columba janthina nitens (Ogasawara Islands, Northwest Pacific, 1980s) – Japanese Wood-pigeon subspecies * Lord Howe Metallic Pigeon, Columba vitiensis godmanae (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1853) – Metallic Pigeon subspecies * Tongan Metallic Pigeon, Columba vitiensis ssp. (Vava'u, Tonga, late 18th century?)
This subspecies of the Metallic Pigeon is only known from a footnote in John Latham's "General History of Birds", and seems to have died out some time before 1800; possibly, the location is erroneous and the note really refers to the extant population of Fiji.
A subspecies of the Mindanao Bleeding-heart, it was last reported in 1925 and given the massive habitat destruction is likely extinct.
* Vella Lavella Ground-dove, Gallicolumba jobiensis chalconota (Vella Lavella, Makira and Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, late 20th century?)
A subspecies of the White-breasted Ground-dove or possibly a distinct species. Known from only 4 specimens, there are no recent records and the local population report it has disappeared.
The Central Tuamotu subspecies of the Polynesian Ground-dove, often referred to as G. e. pectoralis, disappeared at an undetermined date, but might still exist on some unsurveyed atolls. The identity of Northern Tuamotu populations, possibly still extant, is undetermined.
Known from a single specimen collected in 1859, it is not certain whether this bird actually occurred on Ebon. All that can be said is that this subspecies is no longer found anywhere.
* Mauke Fruit-dove, Ptilinopus rarotongensis "byronensis" (Mauke, Cook Islands, mid- or late 19th century)
A subspecies of the Rarotonga Fruit-dove, known only from the description of a now-lost specimen. the prehistorically extinct population on Mangaia is likely to belong to another distinct subspecies too.
* Negros Grey-necked Imperial-pigeon, Ducula carola nigrorum (Negros and probably Siquijor, late 20th century) – Grey-necked Imperial Pigeon subspecies * Norfolk Island Kererū, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, mid-19th century)
A subspecies of the Kererū or New Zealand Pigeon. Similar birds were reported from Lord Howe Island; these seem to represent another extinct subspecies but are undescribed to date.
* Raoul Island Kererū, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae ssp. nov (Raoul, Kermadec Islands, 19th century)
Another undescribed subspecies (or possibly species) of the Kererū, known from bones and a brief report.
[edit] Psittaciformes
Parrots.
* Sangir Red and Blue Lory, Eos histrio histrio (Sangir Archipelago, Indonesia, c. 1997)
The nominate subspecies of the Red and Blue Lory was hybridized out of existence by escaped trade individuals of the subspecies talautensis, the last purebred individuals disappearing in the 1990s or even much earlier.
* Challenger's Lory, Eos histrio challengeri (Nenusa Islands, Talaud Archipelago, early 20th century?)
A supposed subspecies of the Red and Blue Lory, but probably invalid.
* Macquarie Island Red-crowned Parakeet, Cyanoramphus erythrotis erythrotis (Macquarie Islands, SW Pacific, c. 1891) – Subantarctic Red-crowned Parakeet nominate subspecies * Lord Howe Island Red-fronted Parakeet, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae subflavescens (Lord Howe Island, SW Pacific, c. 1870) – Red-crowned Parakeet subspecies * Westerman's Eclectus Parrot, Eclectus roratus westermani (Indonesia, 20th century?)
Known only from 16 captive birds specimens and last recorded in 1899, this enigmatic subspecies of the Eclectus Parrot is often considered an aviary hybrid. However, it may has well have occurred on islands at the northern or eastern end of the Banda Sea, becoming extinct some time in the 20th century – or might even still exist in a little-surveyed location.
Known only from a painting and descriptions; if it is accepted as valid, it would become the nominate subspecies of the Echo Parakeet, extant on Mauritius, which would then have to be called P. eques echo.
Considered either a subspecies of the Red Kite, a distinct species, or a hybrid between Red and Black Kites, the validity of this taxon has recently being questioned on the basis of molecular analysis. However, hybridization and a confusing molecular phylogeny of Red Kite populations coupled with the distinct phenotype of the Cape Verde birds suggest that the taxonomic status of this form is far from resolved.
* Anjouan Island Sparrowhawk, Accipiter francesii pusillus
This subspecies of Frances's Sparrowhawk from Ndzouani (Anjouan), Comoros, was last seen in 1958; given that little habitat remains, it is probably extinct.
The nominate subspecies of the Nicobar Sparrowhawk – which is currently listed as vulnerable – is possibly extinct. It was last reliably recorded in 1901 and despite searches, has not been sighted after an unconfirmed record in 1977.
* Korean Sea-eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus niger (Korea, 1950s)
A Steller's Sea-eagle subspecies of uncertain distinctness.
Peregrine falcon subspecies from the Ogasawara Islands. No sightings since 1945. A survey in 1982 failed to find this bird. Only known from Iwo Jima and Torishima.
A subspecies of the Puerto Rican Screech Owl of somewhat doubtful validity which occurred on several of the Virgin Islands, West Indies. The last reliable records are in 1860; it was not found in thorough surveys in 1995.
A subspecies of the Elf Owl. Officially listed as critically endangered, the last specimen was taken in 1932, but there apparently still was a large population in 1958; it was not found by subsequent searches and appears to be extinct.
* Antiguan Burrowing Owl, Athene cunicularia amaura (Antigua, St Kitts and Nevis, West Indies, c. 1905) – Burrowing Owl subspecies * Guadeloupe Burrowing Owl, Athene cunicularia guadeloupensis (Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante, West Indies, c. 1890) – Burrowing Owl subspecies * Lord Howe Island Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1950s) – Southern Boobook subspecies * Norfolk Island Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, 1996)
Individuals of the nominate subspecies were introduced in a last-ditch effort to save the local owl population. There now exists a hybrid population of a few dozen birds; the last individual of N. n. undulata, a female named Miamiti died in 1996.
Doubtfully distinct from nominate subspecies, but differed behaviorally.
* Buru Masked Owl, Tyto sororcula cayelii (Buru, Indonesia, mid-20th century?)
Subspecies of Lesser Masked Owl. Last recorded in 1921; the identity of a similar bird found on Seram remains to be determined. Seems to survive as an owl matching this bird's description was encountered in August, 2006.
Subspecies of Oriental Bay Owl or possibly distinct species. Taxonomy doubtful but only specimen lost in 1945 bombing raid so validity cannot be verified; no population exists on Samar today.
[edit] Caprimulgiformes
Nightjars and allies.
* New Caledonian White-throated Eared-nightjar, Eurostopodus mystacalis exsul (New Caledonia, Melanesia, mid-20th century)
This distinct subspecies of the White-throated Eared-nightjar is possibly a separate species. It was found only once; due to its cryptic habits, it possibly still exists, but this is now considered unlikely.
The nominate subspecies of Whitehead's Swiftlet is only known from four specimens collected at Mount Data in 1895 and from the lack of further records and the massive habitat destruction, it is usually considered extinct. Given the size of the island, it might still exist though.
[edit] Coraciiformes
Kingfishers and related birds.
* Sangihe Dwarf-kingfisher, Ceyx fallax sangirensis (Sangihe, Indonesia, 1998?)
This subspecies of the Sulawesi Kingfisher was last seen in 1997 but not during a thorough survey one year later; it is either close to extinction or already extinct. Sometimes it is said to occur on Talaud Islands also, but this is erroneous.
There exist reports of locals that kingfishers – probably a subspecies of the Chattering Kingfisher which is found on neighboring islands, but possibly vagrants from there – were found until around 1979, and there is a last record from 1984. Presently, no kingfishers are known to exist on Rarotonga.
A subspecies of the Tarictic Hornbill of somewhat uncertain status – possibly a distinct species, possibly a color morph – the last confirmed report was in 1971 and it became extinct shortly thereafter.
[edit] Piciformes
Woodpeckers and related birds.
* Guadalupe Flicker, Colaptes cafer rufipileus (Guadalupe, East Pacific, c. 1910)
A subspecies of the Red-shafted Flicker (or the Northern Flicker, as C. auratus rufipileus), it was last recorded in 1906 and not found anymore in 1911 and 1922. Recently, vagrant birds of a mainland subspecies have begun recolonizing the island as the habitat improves after the removal of feral goats.
* Javan Buff-rumped Woodpecker, Meiglyptes tristis tristis (Java, Indonesia, c. 1920)
The nominate subspecies of the Buff-rumped Woodpecker became rare during the 19th century due to destruction of habitat. The last confirmed record was in 1880, and it obviously became extinct in the early 20th century.
Another subspecies of the White-mantled Barbet, last seen in 1950.
* Todd's Jacamar, Brachygalba lugubris phaeonota (Brazil, late 20th century?)
A subspecies of the Brown Jacamar, or possibly a hybrid, color morph or full species. Might survive as it is only known from a remote and seldom visited area.
A Bearded Tachuri subspecies or possibly a distinct species that has not been recorded for some time and is probably extinct.
* Grenadan Euler's Flycatcher – Lathrotriccus euleri flaviventris (Grenada, West Indies, early 1950s)
A subspecies of Euler's Flycatcher, formerly known as Empidonax euleri johnstonei.
* San Cristóbal Vermilion Flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius (San Cristóbal, Galapagos, late 20th century?)
A subspecies of Vermilion Flycatcher, described as extremely rare by David W. Steadman in the 1980s and not found despite a six-month survey in 1998. Sometimes considered as full species.
A subspecies of the Scale-throated Earthcreeper, it is only known from 2 specimens taken in the early 1950s at Puno, Peru, and has never been found since. It might still exist, or have become extinct due to habitat destruction in the meantime.
A Giant Antpitta (or possibly Great Antpitta) subspecies apparently not recorded since the 1940s. Might still survive in Puracé National Park.
Pardalotidae – Pardalotes, scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones
* Western Rufous Bristlebird, Dasyornis broadbenti littoralis (Australia, 20th century) – Rufous Bristlebird subspecies * King Island Brown Thornbill, Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi (King Island, Australia, early 1970s?)
A Brown Thornbill subspecies which was last found in 1971, but there was an unconfirmed report in 2002 suggesting a small number is still extant.
Cinclosomatidae – Whipbirds and allies
* Mount Lofty Spotted Quail-thrush, Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta (Australia, mid-1980s)
A subspecies of the Spotted Quail-thrush, last recorded in 1984.
Dicruridae – Monarch flycatchers and allies
* Negros Celestial Monarch, Hypothymis coelestis rabori (Negros and possibly Sibuyan, Philippines, late 20th century?)
A subspecies of the Celestial Monarch, not uncommon on Negros in 1959, but never recorded afterwards. A single Sibuyan specimen from an unspecified locality taken in the 19th century is the only record for this island.
* Hiva Oa Monarch, Pomarea mendozae mendozae (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas, late 1970s) – Marquesas Monarch nominate subspecies * Manu'a Shrikebill, Clytorhynchus vitiensis powelli (Manu'a Islands, Samoa, 1990s?)
Usually treated as a subspecies of the Fiji Shrikebill but probably a distinct species, the American Samoan population declined due to habitat destruction and may have become extinct following the cyclones Ofa and Val.
A distinct local variety of the Icelandic subspecies of the Common Raven.
Callaeidae – New Zealand wattlebirds
* South Island Kōkako, Callaeas cinerea cinerea (South Island, New Zealand, 1960s?)
The nominate subspecies of the Kōkako is usually considered extinct, as it has not been reliably recorded for decades. However, there are recent reports from Fiordland suggesting a population still exists.
A subspecies of the Ruby-crowned Kinglet that has not been found in recent times.
Hirundinidae – Swallows and martins
* Jamaican Golden Swallow, Tachycineta euchrysea euchrysea (Jamaica, West Indies, c. 1990?)
The nominate subspecies of the Golden Swallow, endemic to Jamaica. The last major roost-site was destroyed in 1987, and the last confirmed sighting was in 1989. May still exist in the Cockpit Country, but probably extinct.
Phylloscopidae – phylloscopid warbers or leaf-warblers
A subspecies of the Canary Islands Chiffchaff, it became extinct in 1986 at latest, but probably much earlier, at some time in the first half of the 20th century.
Cettiidae – cettiid warblers or typical bush-warblers
* Babar Stubtail, Urosphena subulata advena (Babar, Indonesia, mid-20th century) – Timor Stubtail subspecies * Western Turner's Eremomela, Eremomela turneri kalindei (Congo Basin, early 1980s)
The West African subspecies of Turner's Eremomela has not been recorded since the end of the 1970s and habitat at the locations where it was once found is much reduced or destroyed. Placement in Cettiidae requires confirmation.
Acrocephalidae – acrocephalid warblers or marsh- and tree warblers
A subspecies of the White-browed Crombec, sometimes listed as a separate species. Restricted to the Lendu Plateau, it is either rare or already extinct.
Sylvioidea incertae sedis
* Amik Gölü Bearded Reedling, Panurus biarmicus kosswigi (S Turkey, 1970s) – Bearded Reedling subspecies
Troglodytidae – Wrens
* San Benedicto Rock Wren, Salpinctes obsoletus exsul (San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Islands, 1952)
A subspecies of the Rock Wren which became extinct around 9 AM, August 1, 1952, when its island habitat was devastated by a massive volcanic eruption.
* Guadalupe Bewick's Wren, Thryomanes bewickii brevicauda (Guadalupe, East Pacific, late 1890s?) – Bewick's Wren subspecies
An extinction date of "1903" seems to be in error[verification needed]; the last unquestionable record is apparently of 1897.
* San Clemente Bewick's Wren, Thyromanes bewickii leucophrys (San Clemente, East Pacific, 1940s) – Bewick's Wren subspecies * Daito Winter Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes orii (Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, c. 1940)
A disputed Winter Wren subspecies; as it is known from a single specimen that may have been a vagrant individual, it is possibly invalid.
Found in 1914, 1969, 1970s; very rare or already extinct. Taxonomy unresolved. Part of the House Wren complex; other scientific names include T. musculus guadeloupensis and T. guadeloupensis
* Martinique Wren, Troglodytes aedon martinicensis (Martinique, Caribbean, c. 1890)
Last found in 1886. Another House Wren complex taxon; other scientific names include T. musculus martinicensis and T. martinicensis.
Paridae – Tits, chickadees and titmice
* Daito Varied Tit, Poecile varia orii (Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, c. 1940)
A Varied Tit subspecies, variously placed in genus Sittiparus and Parus also. Not found in subsequent surveys in 1984 and 1986.
* Norfolk Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, c. 1975) – Island Thrush subspecies * Maré Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus mareensis (Maré, Melanesia, early 20th century)
A subspecies of the Island Thrush, last collected in 1911 or 1912 and not found anymore in 1939.
* Lord Howe Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1920s) – Island Thrush subspecies * Lifou Island Thrush, Turdus poliocephalus pritzbueri (Lifou, Melanesia, early 20th century)
Yet another subspecies of the Island Thrush. Similar birds still exist on Tanna, New Hebrides, but given the fact that the species readily differentiates into subspecies and that the distance between Tanna and Lifou is considerable, it is far from certain that the Tanna birds belong to this subspecies.
A subspecies of the Russet-tailed Thrush known from a single specimen found in 1924 and probably killed off by introduced cats, most likely in the 1940s.
* St Lucia Forest Thrush, Cichlherminia lherminieri sanctaeluciae (St Lucia, West Indies, 1980s)
A subspecies of the Forest Thrush, last seen in 1980.
* Pines Solitaire, Myadestes elisabeth retrusus (Isla de la Juventud, West Indies, late 1930s?)
A subspecies of the Cuban Solitaire. Unconfirmed records suggest it did still exist in the early 1970s.
Mimidae – Mockingbirds and thrashers
* Barbados Scaly-breasted Thrasher, Allenia fusca atlantica (Barbados, West Indies, c. 1990) – Scaly-breasted Thrasher subspecies
A subspecies of the Tanzania Masked-weaver, formerly considered a distinct species. No recent information on its status, and it may be a hybrid.
Fringillidae – True finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers
* San Benito House Finch, Carpodacus mexicanus mcgregori (San Benito, East Pacific, c. 1940s) – House Finch subspecies * Lanaʻi ʻAlauahio, Paroreomyza montana montana (Lanaʻi, Hawaiian Islands, 1937)
A subspecies of the Maui ʻAlauahio (or properly Maui Nui ʻAlauahio).
The last individuals of this subspecies of the ʻApapane, possibly a distinct species, disappeared in a sandstorm, probably on the night of April 23/April 24, 1923.
Dusky Seaside Sparrow Dusky Seaside Sparrow
Icteridae – Grackles
* Grand Cayman Oriole, Icterus leucopteryx bairdi (Grand Cayman, West Indies, mid-20th century)
A subspecies of the Jamaican Oriole, last reliably recorded in 1938.
Thraupidae – Tanagers
* Gonâve Western Chat-tanager, Calyptophilus tertius abbotti (Gonâve, West Indies, c. 1980?)
A Western Chat-tanager subspecies last recorded in 1977 and probably extinct.
* Samaná Eastern Chat-tanager, Calyptophilus frugivorus frugivorus (E Hispaniola, West Indies, 1980s?)
An Eastern Chat-tanager subspecies; the last (unconfirmed?) record was in 1982.
The subspecies of the Large Ground-finch collected by Charles Darwin in 1835; he gave no precise locality. A similar bird was found in 1957, but no others have ever been seen.
* Saint Kitts Bullfinch, Loxigilla portoricensis grandis (Saint Kitts and prehistorically Barbuda, West Indies, 1930) – Puerto Rican Bullfinch subspecies
Emberizidae – Buntings and American sparrows
* Todos Santos Rufous-crowned Sparrow, Aimophila ruficeps sanctorum (Islas Todos Santos, E Pacific, 1970s) – Rufous-crowned Sparrow subspecies * Dusky Seaside Sparrow, Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens (Florida, 1987) – Seaside Sparrow subspecies * Guadalupe Spotted Towhee, Pipilo maculatus consobrinus (Guadalupe Island, East Pacific, c. 1900) – Spotted Towhee subspecies
So jay I took your dare. I posted the list of animals gone extinct in the last 200 years. I had to break it up into 3 parts because it broke the character limit. How about you go and research about teh barrier reef now?
... Global Warming opinion among non-scientists is split so clearly along political lines for a reason. It's like universal health care and social security arguments. It's all about bigger or smaller government, and the "Cap-n'-Trade" carbon tax system the Democratic Party just cannot wait to launch. It is based entirely on the United Nations' IPCC consensus and it's all about money.
... Many posters here are kids, who don't pay real taxes, so I guess they can be forgiven (though one has to wonder as to their schooling). But grown men and women who will be forced to pay out of pocket for this fraud, being used to make billions of dollars for government, and who yet proceed with their arguments without scientific proof should be ashamed.
... I'll say, "Show me your data about warming" and you'll have mountains of "science" to offer. In turn I can throw "scientific" data countering your own in equal measure. Consensus is opinion, not fact. And until unassailable facts are proffered, you are fools to be led so blindly and to to be so ready to make billionaires of UN bureaucrats and US political agencies who seek also to regulate your lives.
... Wake up. All you anti-government, anti-control, anti-this and anti-that peace-loving hipsters should be offended by the forthcoming rape of your wallets.
... Global Warming opinion among non-scientists is split so clearly along political lines for a reason. It's like universal health care and social security arguments. It's all about bigger or smaller government, and the "Cap-n'-Trade" carbon tax system the Democratic Party just cannot wait to launch. It is based entirely on the United Nations' IPCC consensus and it's all about money.
... Many posters here are kids, who don't pay real taxes, so I guess they can be forgiven (though one has to wonder as to their schooling). But grown men and women who will be forced to pay out of pocket for this fraud, being used to make billions of dollars for government, and who yet proceed with their arguments without scientific proof should be ashamed.
... I'll say, "Show me your data about warming" and you'll have mountains of "science" to offer. In turn I can throw "scientific" data countering your own in equal measure. Consensus is opinion, not fact. And until unassailable facts are proffered, you are fools to be led so blindly and to to be so ready to make billionaires of UN bureaucrats and US political agencies who seek also to regulate your lives.
... Wake up. All you anti-government, anti-control, anti-this and anti-that peace-loving hipsters should be offended by the forthcoming rape of your wallets.
...
while obviously i respect the issues brought up there are a number of issues imo.
1) while it is clear that global warming is being used as a political issue, it is clearly not as evenly set up as you indiciate. The republican nominee would not be pandering to global warming if it was that simple. Unless you are willing to maintain that Mccain is not really for small government, in which case id cede the point to a degree. Id still counter that by that score those who are against taking action on global warming are in the current political climate a rather marginalized group, who likely is not going to gain any presence in the upcoming election.
As a result, your charge against the dems seems a bit misguided. Not only because mccain also favors a cap and trade approach (though you could certain reintroduce the idea that mccain isnt smaller gov here) but because the larger green movement is about more than cap and trade. While carbon emissions are one of the areas that is stressed, it is certainly not the only one, and to reduce it to as narrow a starting point is just as much political gamesmanship as saying that it is simply a big gov/small gov issue. The fact of the matter is its very unlikely that we can sustain full scale emissions while the rest of the developing world continues to increase theirs. Leaner is better in many different business ventures at this point, it must begin to be so in terms of natural capitalism as well.
2) When you talk about tax dollars its a very thin line to say what is and what is not fraud. Are taxpayers victims of some lizardman conspiracy which is directing our foriegn policy especially in the middle east? of course not, if anything there are just legitamate and successfully lobbies at work. This is no different than that, if anything it is simply the result of effective lobbying, rather than the gov trying to pillage the common citizen. Id level a similar question toward you that i asked of jay in a thread recently: if it is a lobby issue, do you have a problem with the way our democracy manifests itself? after all lobbying is an essential part of the system as it stands and isnt going away. Also, given the current budgetary debacle we are in, money being brought into the gov, especially money that might not be immediatley used (the proof issue) and thusly potential directed somewhere else, isnt a terrible thing.
3) The attempt to regulate behavior is not exactly something new, and its not something that is inherently anti-capitalist. A simple question seems to prove the statement true, are we not regulated into a system of mass consumption in the western world? We are more or less socialized to equate success with consumption and to miss this point seems to be missing the mark widely. There will always be a battle between differnet forms of regulation, and one political form vs another does not increase freedom, it merely changes the manner in which one is regulated.
4) the proof issue: while as you suggest it stands to reason most people are not really trained in the science at the level of climatology (though few could blame us, as it has exploded in the past few years (as a result of the politicalization of the movement of course)) there is more of a hazard of waiting until we have "unassailable proof". As per the scientific method, there is very little that is ever going to amount to unassailable proof, and to assume in a political agenda driven science that we would find one soon, is rather questionable. Simply picking pass for now really isnt much of an answer. To assume that the consenus of scientific opinion stands for relatively little, is to disregard the fact that most of us dont really understand the science being used. You cant grant expertise of the scientists and then take it away in the next paragraph.
If its a budgetary issue, your better off proposing cuts to discretionary or entitlement programs.
If its an economic competitiveness issue, then your better off proposing green technology to reduce costs before our international competitors
If its a regulation issue, then you are being blinded just as much by your own political philosophy.
none of the three mount much of an adequate charge against those who wish to do something about climate change.
... Global Warming opinion among non-scientists is split so clearly along political lines for a reason. It's like universal health care and social security arguments. It's all about bigger or smaller government, and the "Cap-n'-Trade" carbon tax system the Democratic Party just cannot wait to launch. It is based entirely on the United Nations' IPCC consensus and it's all about money.
... Many posters here are kids, who don't pay real taxes, so I guess they can be forgiven (though one has to wonder as to their schooling). But grown men and women who will be forced to pay out of pocket for this fraud, being used to make billions of dollars for government, and who yet proceed with their arguments without scientific proof should be ashamed.
... I'll say, "Show me your data about warming" and you'll have mountains of "science" to offer. In turn I can throw "scientific" data countering your own in equal measure. Consensus is opinion, not fact. And until unassailable facts are proffered, you are fools to be led so blindly and to to be so ready to make billionaires of UN bureaucrats and US political agencies who seek also to regulate your lives.
... Wake up. All you anti-government, anti-control, anti-this and anti-that peace-loving hipsters should be offended by the forthcoming rape of your wallets.
...
Brava sir, bravo!
Hit the nail on the head! This is a hoax. A politically motivated one. Though I have been silent about this as I don't have proof, and would rather not deal with the childish barrage of insults that would no doubt ensue. I applaud you Mr. Nobunga. For seeing through this "crisis".
THE DEBATE IS OVER...
PLAYER57832 wrote:Too many of those who claim they don't believe global warming are really "end-timer" Christians.
... Global Warming opinion among non-scientists is split so clearly along political lines for a reason. It's like universal health care and social security arguments. It's all about bigger or smaller government, and the "Cap-n'-Trade" carbon tax system the Democratic Party just cannot wait to launch. It is based entirely on the United Nations' IPCC consensus and it's all about money.
... Many posters here are kids, who don't pay real taxes, so I guess they can be forgiven (though one has to wonder as to their schooling). But grown men and women who will be forced to pay out of pocket for this fraud, being used to make billions of dollars for government, and who yet proceed with their arguments without scientific proof should be ashamed.
... I'll say, "Show me your data about warming" and you'll have mountains of "science" to offer. In turn I can throw "scientific" data countering your own in equal measure. Consensus is opinion, not fact. And until unassailable facts are proffered, you are fools to be led so blindly and to to be so ready to make billionaires of UN bureaucrats and US political agencies who seek also to regulate your lives.
... Wake up. All you anti-government, anti-control, anti-this and anti-that peace-loving hipsters should be offended by the forthcoming rape of your wallets.
...
Some things are more important to me than money. Hell, if I really wanted to save some money on taxes I'd shut down the Iraq bit. I mean, how can we be sure that things would fall into chaos? It's all speculation, yet we're throwing trillions of dollars every day at something that nobody wants. Perhaps that's an extreme example, but just look at all the trivial bullshit already being funded by the government and suddenly anything looks like a good sell.
Besides, he truth is that there isn't much of a correlation between spending and taxing any more. We just borrow the difference from China.
got tonkaed wrote:psh your not supposed to reply until he replies to my lengthy post.
It was sexy, but probably about as fruitful as actually arguing with jay.
meh, i usually get a response out of him. Not like the good old days with luns or OA but its nice to disagree with people from time to time.
Worse comes to worse i can just tell Gabon in a thread i think we should stop sending aid to Israel.
Good times. Throw in some primate-references (lolJuan) and you might find gold in them thar hills.
Really there should be something, it seems like the whole election season should have stirred up a few more fights than it has. Though it would seem that marshall law thread might be fairly interesting, but its a lot of tldr.
'tears'
Brava sir, bravo! 
